任务清单
项目环境搭建
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可以使用iventoy网启安装3台centos7.9服务器
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管理员模式启动iventoy:
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【剩下两台机子以此类推】
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按照规划,最小化部署系统,
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替换yum源:
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删除原本yum源:
- rm -rf yum.repos.d/
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创建新的:
- mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d
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关闭防火墙
设置服务器名字:
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禁用SELinux
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确保能够联网。
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部署静态IP:
安装所需软件:
yum install vim tree tar net-tools rsync nfs-utils -y
yum install epel-release -y
部署网站:
yum install nginx -y
vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
启动nginx:
systemctl start nginx
测试:
部署nfs01:
安装必要软件:
yum install vim tree tar net-tools rsync -y
yum install rpcbind -y
yum install nfs-utils -y
创建共享文件包:
mkdir /nfsfile
测试:
echo "welcome to www.openlab.com" > /nfsfile/readme
启动软件:
【切记启动顺序不可乱】
回到web01:
创建本地挂载目录:
mkdir /web_nfs
挂载:【出错查看nfs的设定】
mount -t nfs 192.168.12.201:/nfsfile /web_nfs
测试:
cd /web_nfs
mount
或者:
backup部署:
安装必要软件:
yum install vim tree tar net-tools rsync mailx -y
修改rsync软件的配置:
vim /etc/rsyncd.conf
删掉原有,直接粘贴:
uid = rsync# 用户
gid = rsync# 组
use chroot = no# 程序安全设置
max connections = 200# 客户端连接数
timeout = 300# 超时时间
pid file = /var/run/rsyncd.pid# 进程号文件位置
lock file = /var/run/rsync.lock# 进程锁
log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log# 日志文件
fake super = yes # 无需rsync以root身份运行,允许接受数据
[backup]
path = /backup# 目录
ignore errors# 有错误时忽略
read only = false# 可读可写
list = false # 阻止远程列表
hosts allow = 192.168.88.0/24# 允许IP
hosts deny = 0.0.0.0/32# 禁止IP
auth users = rsync# 用于认证的账户
secrets file = /etc/rsync.password# 存放用户和密码的文件
我的:
uid = rsync
gid = rsync
use chroot = no
max connections = 200
timeout = 300
pid file = /var/run/rsyncd.pid
lock file = /var/run/rsync.lock
log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log fake super = yes
[backup]
path = /backup
ignore errors
read only = false
list = false
hosts allow = 192.168.12.0/24
hosts deny = 0.0.0.0/32
auth users = rsync
secrets file = /etc/rsync.password
~
账户的新建和备份目录新建:
useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin rsync
mkdir /backup
递归:
chown -R rsync /backup
启动并开机启动:
systemctl enable –now rsyncd
检查:
密码配置:
建立密码文件:
echo "rsync:rsync123" > /etc/rsync.password
权限:
chmod 600 /etc/rsync.password
配置备份脚本
web01:
rpm -q rsync
tree /www
新建备份目录:
mkdir /backup
新建备份脚本:
mkdir -p /server/scripts
vim /server/scripts/backup.sh
#!/bin/bash
# Date:2025-2-19
# Author:Andy
# Mail:andy@126.com
# Function: Regularly backup data from web servers
# Version: V1.0
Date=$(date +%F_Week0%w) # 定义时间方式
Host_IP=$(ifconfig ens32 | awk '/inet / {print $2}') # 获取IP,注意网卡名
Backup_Dir="/backup/" # 本地备份路径
Backup_Server_IP=192.168.12.202 # 备份服务器的IP
# 创建指定目录和IP的目录
[ ! -d $Backup_Dir/$Host_IP ] && mkdir -p $Backup_Dir/$Host_IP
# 输出提示信息
echo ${Date} ${Host_IP} start backup ……
Date=$(date +%F_Week0%w) # 定义时间方式
Host_IP=$(ifconfig ens32 | awk '/inet / {print $2}') # 获取IP,注意网卡名
Backup_Dir="/backup/" # 本地备份路径
Backup_Server_IP=192.168.12.202 # 备份服务器的IP
# 创建指定目录和IP的目录
[ ! -d $Backup_Dir/$Host_IP ] && mkdir -p $Backup_Dir/$Host_IP
# 输出提示信息
echo ${Date} ${Host_IP} start backup ……
# 把备份推送到备份服务器
rsync -az $Backup_Dir rsync@${Backup_Server_IP}::backup –password-file=/etc/rsync.password
# 删除7天以前的所有本地备份数据
find ${Backup_Dir:-/tmp} -type f -name "*.tar.gz" -a -name "*flag*" -mtime +7|xargs rm -f
echo "Local backup successful, the backup files have been pushed to the backup server"
[root@web01 ~]# vim /server/scripts/backup.sh
[root@web01 ~]# cat /server/scripts/backup.sh
#!/bin/bash
# Date:2025-4-11
# Author:Andy
# Mail:andy@126.com
# Function: Regularly backup data from web servers
# Version: V1.0
Date=$(date +%F_Week0%w) # 定义时间方式
Host_IP=$(ifconfig ens32 | awk '/inet / {print $2}') # 获取IP,注意网卡名
Backup_Dir="/backup/" # 本地备份路径
Backup_Server_IP=192.168.12.202 # 备份服务器的IP
# 创建指定目录和IP的目录
[ ! -d $Backup_Dir/$Host_IP ] && mkdir -p $Backup_Dir/$Host_IP
# 输出提示信息
echo ${Date} ${Host_IP} start backup ……
Date=$(date +%F_Week0%w) # 定义时间方式
Host_IP=$(ifconfig ens32 | awk '/inet / {print $2}') # 获取IP,注意网卡名
Backup_Dir="/backup/" # 本地备份路径
Backup_Server_IP=192.168.12.202 # 备份服务器的IP
# 创建指定目录和IP的目录
[ ! -d $Backup_Dir/$Host_IP ] && mkdir -p $Backup_Dir/$Host_IP
# 输出提示信息
echo ${Date} ${Host_IP} start backup ……
# 把备份推送到备份服务器
rsync -az $Backup_Dir rsync@${Backup_Server_IP}::backup –password-file=/etc/rsync.password
# 删除7天以前的所有本地备份数据
find ${Backup_Dir:-/tmp} -type f -name "*.tar.gz" -a -name "*flag*" -mtime +7|xargs rm -f
echo "Local backup successful, the backup files have been pushed to the backup server"
客户端建立认证的文件密码如下:
vim /etc/rsync.password
权限:
chmod 600 /etc/rsync.password
测试:
bash /server/scripts/backup.sh
backup:
nfs01同上
设置定时任务:
web01下载软件:
yum install crontabs
查看crontabs的状态:【一般系统中会自带】
设置定时任务:
web01:
编辑crontab文档:
nfs01:
同上:
backup:
同上:
邮件设置backup:
创建目录:
mkdir /backup
mkdir -p /server/scripts
【
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强制创建多级目录,忽略已存在的情况。
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这是脚本和日常操作中的最佳实践,能有效避免路径缺失导致的错误。
】
进入设置文档:
vim /server/scripts/backup.sh
#!/bin/bash
# Date:2025-4-12
# Author:Andy
# Mail:andy@126.com
# Function: Verify the integrity of backup files
# Version: V1.0
Date=$(date +%F_Week0%w)
Backup_Dir="/backup/"
Check_Log="/tmp/bak.log_$(date +%F)"
Admin_Mail=2701964360@qq.com
find $Backup_Dir -type f -name "${Date}.flag"|xargs md5sum -c >> $Check_Log
if [ -n "cat $Check_Log" ]
then
mail -s "$Date backup data info" $Admin_Mail < $Check_Log
else
echo "$Date backup data error,pls check it." > $Check_Log
mail -s "$Date backup data info" $Admin_Mail < $Check_Log
fi
cp $Check_Log{,.ori} && > $Check_Log
配置邮件告警功能:
backup安装发邮件的软件:
yum install mailx -y
backup配置QQ邮箱ssl证书:
mkdir -p /root/.certs
cd /root/.certs
echo -n | openssl s_client -connect smtp.qq.com:465 | sed -ne '/-BEGIN CERTIFICATE-/,/-END CERTIFICATE-/p' > ~/.certs/qq.crt
certutil -A -n "GeoTrust SSL CA" -t "C,," -d ~/.certs -i ~/.certs/qq.crt
certutil -A -n "GeoTrust Global CA" -t "C,," -d ~/.certs -i ~/.certs/qq.crt
certutil -A -n "GeoTrust SSL CA – G3" -t "Pu,Pu,Pu" -d ./ -i qq.crt
返回该内容为成功:
【Notice: Trust flag u is set automatically if the private key is present.】
配置邮件文件:
vim /etc/mail.rc
修改文档:
set from= @qq.com
set smtp=smtps://smtp.qq.com:465 # ssl端口默认465
set smtp-auth-user= @qq.com
set smtp-auth-password= # 授权码
set smtp-auth=login
set nss-config-dir=/root/.certs/ # 设置证书路径
set ssl-verify=ignore # 启用加密ssl传输in
授权码:
QQ的授权码申请:
登录QQ邮箱—>打开设置—>进入账号与安全—>选择安全设置—-如图选择生成授权码:
backup测试邮件:
echo "testmail" | mail -s "testmail" @qq.com
测试成功:
backup发送邮件:
bash /server/scripts/send_mail.sh
如图所示,则项目成功:
易出错点:
Web01的备份数据没有备份成功,在backup和web01中的存储备份的文件中没有应出现的数据
如图所示:
解决方案:
发现备份脚本有重复信息,删除备份脚本内容,重新输入并启动。备份文件中出现内容,备份成功。
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