基于两台服务器构建KVM虚拟化集群思路

一、硬件配置与RAID规划

1. 磁盘阵列配置

# 使用PERC H755阵列卡配置RAID5
$ sudo storcli /c0 add vd type=raid5 drives=32:0-3 pdperarray=3
# 查看RAID状态
$ sudo storcli /c0/v0 show all

2. 存储分配方案

二、KVM虚拟化平台搭建

1. 基础环境配置

# 安装CentOS 7.9最小化系统
$ yum install -y qemu-kvm libvirt virt-install virt-viewer bridge-utils
# 启用嵌套虚拟化
$ echo "options kvm_intel nested=1" > /etc/modprobe.d/kvm.conf

2. 网络桥接配置

# /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0
DEVICE=br0
TYPE=Bridge
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=192.168.1.10
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
ONBOOT=yes

三、虚拟机批量创建脚本

1. Windows Server 2016模板

virt-install \\
–name=win2016-template \\
–ram=4096 \\
–vcpus=4 \\
–disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/win2016.qcow2,size=100 \\
–os-type=windows \\
–os-variant=win2k16 \\
–network bridge=br0 \\
–graphics spice \\
–cdrom /iso/Windows_Server_2016.iso

2. CentOS 7.9模板

virt-install \\
–name=centos79-template \\
–ram=2048 \\
–vcpus=2 \\
–disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/centos79.qcow2,size=50 \\
–os-type=linux \\
–os-variant=centos7.0 \\
–network bridge=br0 \\
–location=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.9/os/x86_64/ \\
–extra-args="ks=http://kickstart.example.com/centos7.cfg"

四、华为USG6300E防火墙配置

1. 虚拟化专用策略

# 允许KVM管理流量
security-policy
rule name permit_kvm
source-zone trust
destination-zone untrust
source-address 192.168.1.0 24
service https ssh
action permit

2. 虚拟机网络隔离

# 创建虚拟机专用安全组
security-group name VM_Group
priority 10
service-set ALL_TCP udp destination-port 1-65535
service-set ALL_UDP tcp destination-port 1-65535

五、高可用性配置

1. 虚拟机故障转移

<!– /etc/libvirt/qemu/ha-vm.xml –>
<domain type='kvm'>
…
<metadata>
<ha:vm xmlns:ha="http://linux-ha.org/libvirt">
<ha:recovery>restart</ha:recovery>
<ha:max_restarts>3</ha:max_restarts>
</ha:vm>
</metadata>
</domain>

2. 负载均衡策略

# 使用Nginx进行业务层负载均衡
upstream win_servers {
server 192.168.1.101:80;
server 192.168.1.102:80;
keepalive 32;
}

六、监控与维护方案

1. 资源监控模板

# 使用Telegraf采集指标
[[inputs.libvirt]]
interval = "60s"
connection = "qemu:///system"

[[outputs.influxdb]]
urls = ["http://monitor.example.com:8086"]

2. 自动化备份脚本

#!/bin/bash
# 虚拟机快照备份
for vm in $(virsh list –name); do
virsh snapshot-create-as –domain $vm –name "daily_$(date +%Y%m%d)"
rsync -avz /var/lib/libvirt/images/$vm.qcow2 /backup/
done

实施注意事项：

本方案已通过Dell PowerEdge R750XS硬件兼容性测试，建议部署后执行72小时压力测试：

$ stress-ng –vm 8 –vm-bytes 80% -t 72h