网硕互联帮助中心1.下载官网Python安装包
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.2/Python-3.12.2.tar.xz
1.1解压
tar -xf Python-3.12.2.tar.xz
解压完后切换到Python-3.12.2文件夹(这里根据自己解压的文件夹路径)
cd /usr/packages/Python-3.12.2/
1.2升级软件包管理器
CentOS系统：
yum update
Ubuntu系统
sudo apt-get update
1.3配置
configure的用途：检测安装环境，配置安装参数，生成供编译用的Makefile
–prefix :指定安装路径
–enable-optimizations: 用来启动优化
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/python3.12 –enable-optimizations
1.4编译
make负责生成目标文件
make
1.5安装
make install:负责把编译生成的目标文件安装到预定的目录
make install
1.6安装完后查看是否安装成功
/usr/local/python3.12/bin/python3 –version
运行结果
Python 3.12.2
1.7验证ssl及_ssl是否安装成功
root@iZ2zecntz3no31t5bob80pZ:/usr/packages/Python-3.12.2# /usr/local/python3.12/bin/python3
Python 3.12.2 (main, Jul 18 2024, 19:03:05) [GCC 11.4.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import ssl
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/usr/local/python3.12/lib/python3.12/ssl.py", line 100, in <module>
import _ssl # if we can't import it, let the error propagate
^^^^^^^^^^^
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ssl'
可以看到报模块没有找到的异常
python退出:
quit()
1.8安装openssl库
注意这里linux系统默认安装的有openssl，版本1.1.1以上，但是不清楚什么原因自带的openssl无法使python正常编译，因此需要再次安装
CentOS
yum install openssl-devel
Ubuntu
apt-get install libssl-dev
查看 openssl是否安装成功
openssl version
1.9重新配置、编译、安装python3.12.2
安装完openssl后重新配置、编译、安装python3.12.2，和1.3~1.5步骤一样，这里不再赘述
安装完python3.12.2后,再次验证验证ssl及_ssl是否安装成功
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/python3.12/bin/python3.12
Python 3.12.2 (main, Jul 19 2024, 11:32:16) [GCC 8.5.0 20210514 (Red Hat 8.5.0-4)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import ssl
>>> import _ssl
>>>
没有报错，证明ssl及_ssl安装成功
2.创建软链接、配置pip镜像源
2.1建立软链接
ln -s /usr/local/python3.12/bin/python3.12 /usr/bin/python3.12
ln -s /usr/local/python3.12/bin/pip3.12 /usr/bin/pip3.12
ln -s /usr/local/python3.12/bin/python3.12-config /usr/bin/python3.12-config
2.2配置pip镜像源
注意我这里用的是pip3.12
查看当前镜像源
默认是python官方镜像源，没有配置镜像源的情况下，查看为空
pip3.12 config list
配置pip镜像源
方式一(通过命令更换源):
临时使用，这里已安装requests为例 -i 后面是临时镜像源地址
pip3.12 install requests -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
永久使用
pip3.12 config set global.index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
方式二(通过配置文件的形式更换源):
mkdir ~/.pip
vi ~/.pip/pip.conf
填入以下内容(任选其一,也可选其他镜像源)
阿里镜像源
[global]
index-url = https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
[install]
trusted-host = mirrors.aliyun.com
清华镜像源
[global]
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/
[install]
trusted-host = pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
测试pip是否正常
我这里用的是pip3.12
pip3.12 install requests
[root@localhost ~]# pip3.12 install requests
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/
Collecting requests
Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/f9/9b/335f9764261e915ed497fcdeb11df5dfd6f7bf257d4a6a2a686d80da4d54/requests-2.32.3-py3-none-any.whl (64 kB)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 64.9/64.9 kB 2.3 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Requirement already satisfied: charset-normalizer<4,>=2 in /usr/local/python3.12/lib/python3.12/site-packages (from requests) (3.3.2)
Requirement already satisfied: idna<4,>=2.5 in /usr/local/python3.12/lib/python3.12/site-packages (from requests) (3.7)
Requirement already satisfied: urllib3<3,>=1.21.1 in /usr/local/python3.12/lib/python3.12/site-packages (from requests) (2.2.2)
Requirement already satisfied: certifi>=2017.4.17 in /usr/local/python3.12/lib/python3.12/site-packages (from requests) (2024.7.4)
Installing collected packages: requests
Successfully installed requests-2.32.3
WARNING: Running pip as the 'root' user can result in broken permissions and conflicting behaviour with the system package manager. It is recommended to use a virtual environment instead: https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/venv
[notice] A new release of pip is available: 24.0 -> 24.1.2
[notice] To update, run: python3.12 -m pip install –upgrade pip
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